Implementation of a Virtual Journal Club in a Clinical Nursing Setting

Healthcare practice is increasingly focused on delivering care that is based on published research evidence. Staff development nurses can institute journal clubs to teach nursing staff critical appraisal of research articles and ways to translate research findings into clinical practice. Unfortunately, attending meetings regularly is often a challenge for nurses, and relatively few have the knowledge and expertise to adequately critique research articles. One way to bridge the limitations of accessibility and limited research expertise of journal club members is to establish a virtual journal club. This article describes one hospital\u27s experience with developing a virtual journal club

An inventory of aeronautical ground research facilities. Volume 1: Wind tunnels

A survey of wind tunnel research facilities in the United States is presented. The inventory includes all subsonic, transonic, and hypersonic wind tunnels operated by governmental and private organizations. Each wind tunnel is described with respect to size, mechanical operation, construction, testing capabilities, and operating costs. Facility performance data are presented in charts and tables

An inventory of aeronautical ground research facilities. Volume 3: Structural

An inventory of test facilities for conducting acceleration, environmental, impact, structural shock, load, heat, vibration, and noise tests is presented. The facility is identified with a description of the equipment, the testing capabilities, and cost of operation. Performance data for the facility are presented in charts and tables

Canine abortion (1993)

Revised 8/93/5M

Trust and trustworthiness

What is it to trust someone? What is it for someone to be trustworthy? These are the two main questions that this paper addresses. There are various situations that can be described as ones of trust, but this paper considers the issue of trust between individuals. In it, I suggest that trust is distinct from reliance or cases where someone asks for something on the expectation that it will be done due to the different attitude taken by the trustor. I argue that the trustor takes Holton's 'participant stance' and this distinguishes trust from reliance. I argue that trustworthiness is different from reliability and that an account of trustworthiness cannot be successful whilst ignoring the point that aligning trustworthiness with reliability removes the virtue from being trustworthy. On the question of what it is distinguishes trustworthiness from reliability, I argue that the distinction is in the opportunity for the trustee to act against the wishes of the trustor and the trustee's consideration of the value of the trust that has been placed in them by the trustor

Uncorrelated Measurements of the Cosmic Expansion History and Dark Energy from Supernovae

We present a method for measuring the cosmic expansion history H(z) in uncorrelated redshift bins, and apply it to current and simulated type Ia supernova data assuming spatial flatness. If the matter density parameter Omega_m can be accurately measured from other data, then the dark energy density history X(z)=rho_X(z)/rho_X(0) can trivially be derived from this expansion history H(z). In contrast to customary ``black box'' parameter fitting, our method is transparent and easy to interpret: the measurement of H(z)^{-1} in a redshift bin is simply a linear combination of the measured comoving distances for supernovae in that bin, making it obvious how systematic errors propagate from input to output. We find the Riess et al. (2004) ``gold'' sample to be consistent with the ``vanilla'' concordance model where the dark energy is a cosmological constant. We compare two mission concepts for the NASA/DOE Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM), the Joint Efficient Dark-energy Investigation (JEDI), and the Supernova Accelaration Probe (SNAP), using simulated data including the effect of weak lensing (based on numerical simulations) and a systematic bias from K-corrections. Estimating H(z) in seven uncorrelated redshift bins, we find that both provide dramatic improvements over current data: JEDI can measure H(z) to about 10% accuracy and SNAP to 30-40% accuracy.Comment: 7 pages, 4 color figures. Expanded and revised version; PRD in pres

Study of a Contemporary Diet in One Household in the Yucatan

The history of the Yucatan has played a major role in the development of the food system of the area and the nutritional status of the population. Originating from an agricultural based diet, which forms the foundation of the traditional Yucatan diet, there has been a recent shift away from whole and natural foods to a more processed and convenient food supply due to the influx of American products and culture. Coinciding with the influx of these unhealthy foods, there has also been a rise in the health problems of the Mexican population such as heart disease and diabetes, both of which are diseases related to nutrition. Through an evaluation of the history of the Yucatan, the traditional foods consumed in the Yucatan, the lifestyle and the health status of the Yucatan population, and through an analysis of a 3 day food diary from a contemporary Yucatan household, it is concluded that the traditional Yucatan diet provides all of the essential macronutrients in their recommended amounts. However, with a more detailed analysis, the Yucatan diet is also lacking or exceeding the Dietary Recommended Intake (DRI) of specific nutrients such as calcium, iron, fiber and sodium

Monovalent cation induced structural transitions in telomeric DNAs: G-DNA folding intermediates

Telomeric DNA consists of G- and C-rich strands that are always polarized such that the G-rich strand extends past the 3’ end of the duplex to form a 12-16-base overhang. These overhanging strands can self-associate in vitro to form intramolecular structures that have several unusual physical properties and at least one common feature, the presence of non-Watson-Crick G-G base pairs. The term “G-DNA” was coined for this class of structures (Cech, 1988). On the basis of gel electrophoresis, imino proton NMR, and circular dichroism (CD) results, we find that changing the counterions from sodium to potassium (in 20 mM phosphate buffers) specifically induces conformational transitions in the G-rich telomeric DNA from Tetrahymena, d(T2G4)4 (TET4), which results in a change from the intramolecular species to an apparent multistranded structure, accompanied by an increase in the melting temperature of the base pairs of \u3e 2 5 O , as monitored by loss of the imino proton NMR signals. NMR semiselective spin-lattice relaxation rate measurements and HPLC size-exclusion chromatography studies show that in 20 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7) buffer (KP) TET4 is approximately twice the length of the form obtained in 20 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7) buffer (Nap) and that mixtures of Na+ and K+ produce mixtures of the two forms whose populations depend on the ratio of the cations. Since K+ and NH4+ are known to stabilize a parallel-stranded quadruplex structure of poly[r(I),], we infer that the multistranded structure is a quadruplex. Our results indicate that specific differences in ionic interactions can result in a switch in telomeric DNAs between intramolecular hairpin-like or quadruplex-containing species and intermolecular quadruplex structures, all of which involve G G base pairing interactions. We propose a model in which duplex or hairpin forms of G-DNA are folding intermediates in the formation of either 1-, 2-, or 4-stranded quadruplex structures. In this model monovalent cations stabilize the duplex and quadruplex forms via two distinct mechanisms, counterion condensation and octahedral coordination to the carbonyl groups in stacked planar guanine “quartet” base assemblies. Substituting one of the guanosine residues in each of the repeats of the Tetrahymena sequence to give the human telomeric DNA, d(T2AG,)4, results in less effective K+-dependent stabilization. Thus, the ion-dependent stabilization is attenuated by altering the sequence. Upon addition of the Watson-Crick (WC) complementary strand, only the Na+-stabilized structure dissociates quickly to form a WC double helix. This demonstrates that under some circumstances the K+-stabilized G-DNA structure can be kinetically preferred over WC DNA